{"id":54,"date":"2010-06-06T07:34:52","date_gmt":"2010-06-06T07:34:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/teoriadeconstruccion.wordpress.com\/?p=54"},"modified":"2010-06-06T07:34:52","modified_gmt":"2010-06-06T07:34:52","slug":"yeso","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriadeconstruccion.net\/blog\/yeso\/","title":{"rendered":"Yeso"},"content":{"rendered":"

Definici\u00f3n:<\/strong><\/p>\n

conglomerante c\u00e1lcico a\u00e9reo que resulta de la deshidrataci\u00f3n del sulfato c\u00e1lcico deshidratado, m\u00e1s una posterior molienda. Obtenci\u00f3n del sulfato c\u00e1lcico semihidratado. Piedra de yeso o aljez. Alabastro (en estatuaria) es una piedra que se encuentra en la naturaleza. Clasificaci\u00f3n seg\u00fan su pureza. Se extrae a base de voladuras (explosivos), se tritura para luego cocerlo. Hacerlo m\u00e1s peque\u00f1o para triturar. Se seca a 90\u00ba y se cuece en distintos hornos, a presi\u00f3n atmosf\u00e9rica o en autoclave. Yeso puro -> se muele y se tamiza y se envasa. Los tamices son de 144 mallas \/cm2<\/p>\n

Tipos:<\/strong><\/p>\n

-1\u00aa generaci\u00f3n: obtenidos de forma tradicional (no se usan) Se distinguen por su color y por su fineza.
\n-2\u00aa generaci\u00f3n: a partir de 1960. mejores y m\u00e1s finos (industriales) RY 1985
\n-3\u00aa generaci\u00f3n: obtenidos a partir de los de segunda a\u00f1adiendo aditivos y agregados.<\/p>\n

Los aditivos:<\/strong><\/p>\n

sustancias que en estado s\u00f3lido o l\u00edquido se a\u00f1aden a los yesos, para mejorar algunas de su caracter\u00edsticas espec\u00edficas. Debe estar homog\u00e9neamente mezclado, se debe hacer en f\u00e1brica. retardadores: retardan el fraguado y a veces el endurecimiento.
\n-Aceleradores: se mezclan con retardadores para aumentar el tiempo de utilizaci\u00f3n.
\n-Espesantes: aumentan la consistencia. Permiten adelantar el uso del yeso.
\n-Retenedores de agua. No deja que le roben el agua de amasado.
\n-Impermeabilizantes: (algo hacen) se usan en sitio seco.
\n-Fluidificantes: m\u00e1s utilizados. Reducen el agua de amasado y dan plasticidad a la mezcla.<\/p>\n

Los agregados:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00e1ridos inertes (qu\u00edmicamente inactivos) que se a\u00f1aden en mayor cantidad que los aditivos, para aligerar la mezcla o darle mayor resistencia t\u00e9rmica: perlita expandida y vermiculita exfoliada.<\/p>\n

Tipos de yesos de 3\u00aa generaci\u00f3n<\/strong>. Seg\u00fan el RY1985 pliego de recepci\u00f3n de yesos 2\u00aa generaci\u00f3n. (tabla) El yeso grueso es menos puro. Las escayolas son m\u00e1s puras. Tdodos fraguan en menos de 30 minutos, incluidos los de lento fraguado. Los yesos de tercera generaci\u00f3n no est\u00e1n incluidos en pliego de condiciones, y son : YE\/T , Y\/D, YF\/D, Y\/A, YPM\/D, YPM\/A, YPM.<\/p>\n

Caracter\u00edsticas generales del yeso en polvo:
\nTiene mayor calidad cuando es m\u00e1s blanco (si no es amarillento), a m\u00e1s finura del grano, a mayor calor de hidrataci\u00f3n, a m\u00e1s cantidad de sulfato c\u00e1lcico semihidratado, y a mayor rapidez de fraguado. Es un material blando (2 en la escala de Mohs) Cuidado con la corrosi\u00f3n en hierros y aceros. En contacto con cales y sulfatos m\u00e1s agua (agua selentitosa), forma etringita (bacilo del cemento). En su composici\u00f3n tiene un 21% de agua. Es una buena barrera contra el fuego, incluso deshidratado.<\/p>\n

Aplicaciones<\/strong> generales de los yesos.
\nEn obra pastas (amasado) Revestimientos verticales y horizontales de techo. Relleno de juntas no resistentes. Se usaba para hacer estucos. En taller para hacer prefabricados. Paneles para tabiques (con mortero de yeso), placas de escayola, moluras y cornisas, placas de yeso laminado (mortero de yeso con papel de celulosa en 2 caras) (cuadro) STD, I. AD, HR, H, Ho
\nEl yeso se puede aplicar amasado, salpicado, talochado (con una regla), enlucido o proyectado mec\u00e1nicamente.<\/p>\n

Caracter\u00edsticas de los yesos en estado fresco<\/strong>.
\nTiempo de trabajabilidad muy corto. Durante el fraguado y durante el endurecimiento expanden, 3mm cada metro (nos favorece) Las pastas o morteros son muy pl\u00e1sticos, es muy f\u00e1cil darles forma. Tienen buena adherencia. Si el soporte es liso no se adhiere bien. Pierden la adherencia con el paso del tiempo y la humedad.<\/p>\n

Caracter\u00edsticas de los derivados de los yesos<\/strong> ya endurecidos.
\nSon porosos. Densidad aparente 0,11 kp\/dm3. Densidad real 0,25 kp\/dm3. Dejan salir el vapor de agua con facilidad. Materiales de alta higroscopicidad (facilidad para ceder vapor al ambiente) (reguladores ambientales) No contar con ellos para resistencias mec\u00e1nicas (se reducen cuanta m\u00e1s agua de amasado y a mayor humedad ambiente) M\u00f3dulo de Young bajo, poco el\u00e1sticos. Baja dureza superficial. Buena resistencia al fuego. Buenos aislantes ac\u00fasticos por compresi\u00f3n (y debido a su porosidad) Coeficiente de conductividad t\u00e9rmica 0,26, con agregados 0,16. (para ser aislante 0,086) Son c\u00e1lidos al tacto. Envejecen con el paso del tiempo. Son f\u00e1cilmente coloreables.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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